Natural Microspheres: Versatile Carriers for Controlled Release of Active Compounds

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to develop microsphere systems for the sustained release of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride (HCl) using the ionotropic gelation method. Sodium alginate, chitosan, and calcium chloride were utilized as key components in the formulation. The prepared microbeads underwent comprehensive characterization, including size determination, shape analysis, and surface morphology assessment using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical state of the drug in the formulations was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction analysis (X-RD), while the interaction between the drug and polymers was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, and release kinetics were evaluated.The FTIR studies revealed the absence of any significant interaction between the drug and polymers, ensuring the stability of the formulation. The microspheres exhibited high entrapment efficiency, with up to 98.72% ± 0.79 being achieved. The in vitro release studies demonstrated the potential to finely control the release rate of Venlafaxine HCl over a wide time scale. The microspheres displayed superior performance in terms of providing prolonged release of the drug, making them an effective system for sustained drug delivery.