A Review on Autoimmune and Inflammatory Myopathies-Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

Abstract

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of lethal autoimmune muscle diseases. This study provides an update on the pathophysiology and changing importance of myositis-specific antibodies. The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are subdivided into numerous clinically, histologically, and pathogenetically distinct groups, including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, inclusion body myositis (IBM), and autoimmune necrotizing myositis. IIMs have traditionally been categorised as polymyositis or dermatomyositis (NAM).The diagnosis of IIMs, which involves manual muscle testing, laboratory investigations, and non-invasive imaging, has become vital in order to categorise IIM subtypes and assess the severity of the ailment. From a time when glucocorticoid therapy was the only treatment option to the present, when immunoglobulin therapy, biologics like rituximab, and traditional steroid-sparing medications are all choices for treatment. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy can all be treated successfully with immunosuppressive therapy; however, IBM, which is frequently resistant to currently available treatments, is not one of these conditions.