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Abstract
This study examines the impact of sunlight exposure on metabolic health indicators in prediabetic individuals in Tamil Nadu, with a focus on its potential to reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prediabetes, characterized by elevated glucose levels, is a major risk factor for both T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. With projections that diabetes will affect 380 million people globally by 2025, including 70 million in India, early intervention is critical. Vitamin D, synthesized through sunlight exposure, plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased insulin resistance and higher HbA1c levels, particularly among those with obesity, a common risk factor in prediabetes. This retrospective study included 100 prediabetic patients, divided based on sunlight exposure, and followed over three years. Key anthropometric and metabolic parameters such as BMI, blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profiles were assessed. Results showed that the sunlight-exposed group had significant improvements in BMI, blood glucose, and HbA1c compared to those with low sunlight exposure, with blood pressure also improving, though HDL and LDL cholesterol changes were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that regular sunlight exposure may help delay or prevent diabetes progression by improving metabolic health, especially when combined with lifestyle modifications and Vitamin D supplementation. Further research is recommended to determine optimal sunlight exposure guidelines for high-risk groups.