A REVIEW ON CAUSES SYMPTOMS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Abstract

Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart isn't able to pump blood normally.. The left ventricle no longer functions as an adequate pump to maintain normal cardiac output (normal ejection fractions). As a result, there is not enough blood flow to provide the body's organs with oxygen and nutrients. CHF is usually the result of other health problems. Heart failure can cause a number of symptoms including shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance. The appearance of symptoms of CHF can be delayed for years as the heart tries to compensate when it is not pumping efficiently. The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, and there is no single lesion. Any form of heart disease can lead to heart failure. The condition is diagnosed with echocardiography and blood tests. Treatment commonly consists of lifestyle measures such as smoking cessation, light exercise including breathing protocols, decreased salt intake and other dietary changes, and medications. This article briefly reviews about various causes, symptoms, pathophysiology and treatment of congestive heart failure.